Ostad Baba Safari, Father Of History Of Ardabil
There was no Persia or Iran, when it was no Ardabil.
The Safavid dynasty rescued the whole region.
And the kings od Safavid dynasty were from the city of Ardabil.
People of Ardabil are of quick adaptive intelligence and different profesional skilled spirits, they are especially well suited to trade, hard works, spiritual tendency, and have long constituted an importnat element in the economic, military, agricultural and capability strength of Iranian government. People of Ardabil have clung to their faith and their culture and language in the midst of a hostile people and in the face of the bitterest manipulation of facts in the historical books.
Whenever they advanced and achieved any progress, there were fresh attempts for destrcution of their hopes and taking them back to regression.
The sufferings and economical backwards of Ardabil's people were indiscribable, and the city was occupied and destroyed by the foreign troops.
Stripping of everything in the city while the foreign troops and enemies arrived in Ardabil and occupied it.
One of the greatest man from Ardabil was Ostad Baba Safari:-
Education: M.Sc in the public administration (c/o the South California University & Tehran University, USA); B.Sc in the ublic administration; B. Sc in the law, from the Law School in the University of Tehran; B.Sc in the philosophy and pedagogy from the Daneshsar-ye-Allee College in Tehran.
Scholarship: Public Administration in Italy.
-Candidacy for parliament of Iran from Ardabil (1980): more than 28,000 votes; there were some violations and attempts for preventing for his success.
-Knowledge of other languages:Arabic,English,Turkish, Persian, Italian & Swedish
-Marriage: married with Ms. Vahebzadeh in 1949; she was the daughter of one of the most prominent and respected personality in Ardabil; Mr. Agha-Boeyuek Vahebzadeh was one of the most famous activists for the pro-democarcy movement and freedom.
-Total time as a teacher: it was 2 phases: 4 years teaching in Ardabil; in the schools of Pourandokht and Saadi; many years in Teharn: in Hadaf High school; Soraya school in Khayam Str. in the downtown; and also in the Abu-Reyhan High school.
-Total time as mayor of the city of Ardabil: 9 months (autumn, 1952- August 19, 1953).
-Total time as deputy director in the Ardabil's branch of the Ministry of Culture: 1 year and 6 months (1949-1950).
-Total time as assistant to the deputy prime minister in the Iran's Oghaf Organization (The Endowment&The Pilgrimage): 17 years (1960-1978).
Baba Safari was born on October 2, 1920 in a Mulsim family in the ancient city of Ardabil; his father Abdolazim was a hard working merchant, who had lost his properties and business after the emergence of the October Revolution in Russia while he was trading in many cities of that country such as Nizhni-Novogrorod, Hajji-Tarkhan and Baku. Before the October Revolution in 1917, the Azeri Muslim entrepreneurs maintained control over the real estate market, silk spinning, and some other fields despite the growing competition of the Armenians and Russians, who received preferential government treatment(Book: The Politicizing of Islam by Kemal H. Karpat, Oxford Uni.Press, 2001, pp. 288-289).
Abdolazim as a merchant suffered too much from those discriminations by Russians while he was working in Russia. Baku, where he worked and traded was a city, which grew from a small town of 15000 people in the mid-1850s to an industrial-finacial metropolis of more than 200,000 at the end of the century. The leaders of the October Revolution in 1917, proclaimed for defending of justice and establsing of a healthy society for all people, but the supporters of Tsar and also the Allied (Great Britain, France and the United States) occupied many main cities and provinces together with the assistance of White troops, who were against the Bolshelviks. Anyway, Abodolazim lost all his properties and wealth and managed to flee with his very old clothes to his city to Ardabil in Iranian Azerbaijan.
Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, Sergey Mironovich Kirov fought in the Russian Civil War until 1920. He and his friends in coordination with Josef Stalin, militarily and very brutally, in contrast to thier proclaimed principles in the October Revolution and respecting the soverignty of the independent countries, their over 70,000 soldiers attacked to the newly independent country of Azerbaijan;these criminals under the name of Revolution and Socialism, after causing many massacres in Azerbaijan, they burned many historical and cultural centres of Azerbaijan. In 1921, Mr. Kirov, because of his criminalities agaist humanity and killing of thousands of Azerbaijanis, became head of the Azerbaijan party organisation; the communists,later, changed the name of the anicent city of Azerbaijan, Ghanje to Kirovabad!!! Mr.Kirov's brutality and uncivilized behavour was known and as a matter of fact, loyally, he supported Joseph Stalin, and in 1926 he was rewarded with the leadership of the Leningrad party.His father was Miron Kostrikov; and Sergey Kostrikov had changed his name to Kirov.
Baba Safari gave very strong emphasis on the correlation between the levels of Hygiene on the streets and the public health, therefore he worked for the fundamental changes in the city administration; his main challenge was to deliver a kind of results in his job a a mayor that his achievements work for all, not just for a privileged few. He said, Ardabil must respond to progress by preparing every man, woman, and child in this city to compete successfully in this new challenge.
His thinking and his works were for a better life in this city; he emphasized, we need commit ourselves as the humans in this part of world to excellence in education for administration; without any education, we will not be successful in our works in this city; we need also to invest the resources needed to reach our short-term or long-term goals. Each past generation of Ardabilis, from old time until now, have broadened different kinds of educational opportunities for our youth; in different times, different methods have been used.
As the mayor of Ardabil, many times criticized the inequality of wealth in Ardabil; he said in different times, one of the most jarring consequences of inequality in our city is that we are not capable of providing first-rate medical care to those people, who are working for us, but they are deprived from medical care; we are failing to make these opportunities available to many thousands of our people, who need our healps. In relation to the situation on the streets, he said, with our good plans and our good co-ordinations, all these streets in the city can be cleaned cleaned; he ordered, all complaints from people must be investigated and answered by the authorities of the city within the 24 hours.
The budget of the city had too much debts on that time, after hard works of Baba Safari reached to its surpluses. Many people are saying that, Baba Safari, himself, sometimes, was sweeping our streets; it is necessary to encourage people for working together for a clean city. He was an accountable mayor; and he was an honest man. Many people are saying, without any doubt,he was one of the most popular mayor of our history in the city of Ardabil.
Baba Safari shared a profound commitment to basic rights for all, no matter the poor people, or the middle-class people; for him rights to life and liberty, to opportunity, to a decent education, to a job are not for a specfic classes, these rights are for all people according to his religion.
It was in the time of Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh,as he was the popular mayor of this city, and always he promoted the fairness and honesty. As an expert in the law and Islam, he believed in a free press eager to speak truth to power. He said, I am believeing that the politicians, who are not accountable and honest and are living in their big houses cannot tell us whom we can advantage for jobs and wealth or where we can make schools, hospitals. A a mayor of Ardabil, he wanted people to unite themselves for a better co-operation for the better works and for a better life for all; he said, we must join together in rejecting those who coarsen our values and want divide us for their own political purposes. He said: Remember people, ‘Disobedience to any vicious policies, to any tyranny, to any bad polictians, is obedience to God. The real Muslim must be good educated and must be awared to what's going in his or her environment.
His Achievements As the Assistant to Deputy Prime Ministers in the Iranian Oghaf's Affairs. In his more than 17 years works in the Iranian Endowment and the Pilgrimage Organization (Oghaf)(1960-1978), he achieved to many his goals in reforming of this institution, which was the second richest institute after the Iranian Oil Company.
A traditional source of financial support for all religious institutions has been the vaqf, a religious endowment by which land and other income-producing property is given in perpetuity for the maintenance of a shrine, mosque, madraseh, or charitable institution such as a hospital, library, or orphanage.
The Oghaf Orhanization of Iran was an institute within the Prime Minister's Office and its head was the deputy prime minister.
Baba Safari was as a senior assistant to the head of Oghaf in Iran ( as Assistant Deputy Prime Minister); he had very good knowledge of Arabic, English; he was an expert in the Islamic Laws. Under the Pahlavis, the government attempted to exercise control over the administration of vaqfs, especially those of the larger shrines. This was a source of conflict with the clergy, who perceived the government's efforts as lessening their influence and authority in traditional religious matters.
Mr. Baba Safari, who himself was a moderate religious expert and well respected by many of the religious leaders in many Islamic countries, managed the issues of this conflicts in accordance with the spirit of law and respect to Islam. He prevented the intensive interferences, but strongly, he emphasized on the rule of law in any issues with the administration of vaqfs. He tried to prevent a sharp declining in the number of vaqf bequests, but despite of his efforts, wealthy and pious Shias chose to give financial contributions directly to the leading ayatollahs in the form of zakat, or obligatory alms. The clergy in turn used the funds to administer their madrasehs and to institute various educational and charitable programs, which indirectly provided them with more influence in society.
Baba Safari tried and tried to prevent any confrontation between the government and these clerics, who wanted to govern on the strategic issues of Oghaf. Some people are saying that the access of the clergy to a steady and independent source of funding was an important factor in their ability to resist state controls and ultimately helped them direct the opposition to the shah.
Mr. Baba Safari saw the issue of revolution more complicated than these simplistic views. One of the major religious institution in Iran is the shrine. There are more than 1,100 shrines that vary from crumbling sites associated with local saints to the imposing shrines of Imam Reza and his sister Fatima in Mashhad and Qom, respectively. These more famous shrines are huge complexes that include the mausoleums of the venerated Eighth Imam and his sister, tombs of former shahs, mosques, madrasehs, and libraries. Imam Reza's shrine is the largest and is considered to be the holiest. Mr. Baba Safari managed to work on all these difficult issues of these religious institutions and organizations like mosques, hoseyniehs and madarsehs.The shrine's endowments and gifts are the largest of all religious institutions in the country. Traditionally, free meals for as many as 1,000 people per day are provided at the shrine.
The Iranian Oghaf Organization is the second largest Institution after the Iranian oil Company; many religious and politicians want to contol the management of this organization because of its huge wealth.
Baba Safari preveneted any illegitime interventions from the evil forces, who wanted to do all their own profitable businesses under the umbrella of the religion or the government. This organization also provided different amount of wages, in every month, to those Sunnis & Shiite religious leaders in Iran, who co-operated with the government in the time of Mr.Manouchehr Azmoun and Mr. Ahmadi, who were the deputy prime ministers and the heads of this organizations.
His Precious Books:
1)Historical Books: 4 volumes: Ardabil-dar-Gozarghahe-Tarikh
2) The Comparative Calendar
3)A book in response to the books from Mr. Dashti (an athestic and blasphemic book; the 23 years) and also in response to Mr. Salaman Rushdi( the author of the book against Islam and Muslims; the Satanic Verse).
4)One Hundred One Books in One Book and One Hundred Two Books in 2 books
5) A book related to the geography of the Islamic countries.
6) More than 16 books about history, geography and sciology for the teaching to students in the schools throughout Iran; they were taught as the teaching books until 1978, the emergence of the Islamic Repbilic 7) A book for understanding of the real meaning of the verses of the holy book of Islam, Qu'ran.
7) There are millions of people, who learned his books related to history, geography and the science of society in their schools in the era of Mohammad Reza; all these people are remembering der co-author of these books, Baba Safari. He taught us to be proud of ourrselves and our achievements.
*Children: 3 sons; they have the high education (the two of his sons are living with their mother in Stockholm, Sweden ; one of his son is living and working in Tehran, Iran) and the only daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Safari, who is very kind and very talented girl, has her high education from Sweden; she is working in many countries of Europe.
* The great master of history of Ardabil, Baba Safari, passed away on July 14, 2003 at Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, after the short period of illness (kidney and heart).
Most Iranians are hunger for meaning and purpose in life. Many people in the Azarbaijan, including people of Ardabil, who have been deprived from a better life for a long time, are deeply concerned about the politics of deception and lies. The Politics of Meaning through respecting of the people's rights was the right politics; Baba Safari chosen this politics. He was an Iranian-Azarbaijani historian, who was really a right man for hopes. He really understood what people are desiring or waht they are valuing most. He realized, these so-called the valuing people, who want prospertity in this country, have really suffered years and years from the wrong policies by the wrong politicians. The legendary historian Baba Safari, whose books (about 16 teaching books): history, geography and sociology had been taught as the official teaching books in the schools in the time of shah, always had emphasized on good and productive works. It is what we as humans with the helps of the Almighty do after we make our decisions to implement and execute them that makes them very good decisions for all people of this country, but not only one of them.
He Was Like A Pearl With Its Warm Inner Glow.
Mr. Safari was a great teacher. He was like a pearl with its warm inner glow . The issue of education had the great priorities for his works. Baba Safari believed that our teachers need also to be students. He said that this keeps them connected, empathetic. It keeps them aware. He without thinking is labor lost; thinking without learning is dangerous. the whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking. We need to learn what we are thinking and how we are thinking.
Thinking is the essence of man's very being, and the tool by which the transient sorrows, the primitive forms of feeling, and the others, merely personal parts of existence can be mastered.
There are many thinkers in the world, who have had the outstanding accomplishments. One of those thinkers is Mr. Baba Safari, who is named the father of history of Ardabil. He was a man of knowledge; it means, he was a man, who was able not only to love his enemies but also to teach his friends, who were blind to relaities. He didn't claim that God is in his side, but he insisted that he wants to be on the side of God. For him happiness was not an illusion, but also it was what we are thinking, what we are saying, and what we are doing.
History traces pearls like Baba Safari;all scriptures refer to pearls as symbols of wealth; Baba Was Our Wealth.
Baba Safari was born on October 2, 1920 in a Mulsim family in the ancient city of Ardabil; his father Abdolazim was a hard working merchant, who had lost his properties and business after the emergence of the October Revolution in Russia while he was trading in many cities of that country such as Nizhni-Novogrorod, Hajji-Tarkhan and Baku. Before the October Revolution in 1917, the Azeri Muslim entrepreneurs maintained control over the real estate market, silk spinning, and some other fields despite the growing competition of the Armenians and Russians, who received preferential government treatment(Book: The Politicizing of Islam by Kemal H. Karpat, Oxford Uni.Press, 2001, pp. 288-289).
Abdolazim as a merchant suffered too much from those discriminations by Russians while he was working in Russia. Baku, where he worked and traded was a city, which grew from a small town of 15000 people in the mid-1850s to an industrial-finacial metropolis of more than 200,000 at the end of the century. The leaders of the October Revolution in 1917, proclaimed for defending of justice and establsing of a healthy society for all people, but the supporters of Tsar and also the Allied (Great Britain, France and the United States) occupied many main cities and provinces together with the assistance of White troops, who were against the Bolshelviks. Anyway, Abodolazim lost all his properties and wealth and managed to flee with his very old clothes to his city to Ardabil in Iranian Azerbaijan.
Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, Sergey Mironovich Kirov fought in the Russian Civil War until 1920. He and his friends in coordination with Josef Stalin, militarily and very brutally, in contrast to thier proclaimed principles in the October Revolution and respecting the soverignty of the independent countries, their over 70,000 soldiers attacked to the newly independent country of Azerbaijan;these criminals under the name of Revolution and Socialism, after causing many massacres in Azerbaijan, they burned many historical and cultural centres of Azerbaijan. In 1921, Mr. Kirov, because of his criminalities agaist humanity and killing of thousands of Azerbaijanis, became head of the Azerbaijan party organisation; the communists,later, changed the name of the anicent city of Azerbaijan, Ghanje to Kirovabad!!! Mr.Kirov's brutality and uncivilized behavour was known and as a matter of fact, loyally, he supported Joseph Stalin, and in 1926 he was rewarded with the leadership of the Leningrad party.His father was Miron Kostrikov; and Sergey Kostrikov had changed his name to Kirov.
This is a photo from Kirov:
Sergio Ordzhnikidze was the major figure and also a responsible person--more than other aggressors---, who encouraged Josepf Stalin for an invasion and killing of thousands Azerbaijanis before invasion to other countries in Caucasus.
Abdolazim fled to Ardabil, where he began a new life with his family. This change in his life had a considerable psychological impact on his mind. Abdolazim knew that the future depends on what he is doing in the present, but not he did in Russia before; that's why he worked hard in Ardabil for a better life.He knew that humans are allergic to change and he was going to change his worst condition on that difficult time, when the most of people of Ardabil were jobless and were selling their furnitures or were spending their saving's money. He learned that he is the only one in this world, who can change his life. No one can do it for him because he had suffered after the October Revolution in Russia in 1917.
To Create Pearls Like Baba Safari Infact It Takes Over 100 Years;Making Pearls like Him, The Most Coveted Piece Of Jewelry That Only The Royalty Of Honest People Could Afford.
His new life in Ardabil was depending on what his thoughts were make it. Abdolazim tried to learn something about everything and everything about something. Abdolazim had experienced a lot of the good and the bad things throughout his long traveling and trading in Russia; he learned that If he desire to form his family capable of inventive thought and of helping the society of tomorrow to achieve progress, then it is clear for him that an education is the best thing. Abdolazim like other people believed that a Genius without education is like
silver in the mine.
1920:
As Baba Safari was born in Ardabil on October 2, 1920, it was the time after the Russian revolution and also its civil war. Little was known about the sanitary precautions needed when infants were given foods from any source other than the breast. Schooling for the girls had absolutely no priority for the majority of people, who were very religious, although some families in the upper and in the middle classes in Ardabil, began to see some kinds of education for their boys and girls, if all religious rules are respected, but as it was said before, many people in Ardabil thought their daughters must learn how to be a good housewife, like their mothers and their grandmothers; what does it mean to send them to those schools, where they don't know what kind of people are there. But in some mosques, there were some places, especial for women, for teaching of the Qu'ran and Arabic and also the lessons about Islam. In the northern border of Ardabil, the Republic Azarbaijan, after a short period of independency (1918-1920), again, was occupied by the Soviet soldiers.
Extra Information Related to Russia:
In 1900 the Russia Empire covered nearly 23 million square kilometres.Only a quarter of it was in Europe and the rest in Asia. The majority of the 128 million population were Slavs, but there were over 200 different nationalities. St. Petersburg was the largest city in the Russian Empire with a population of 1,260,000. Other large cities included Moscow (1,040,000), Warsaw (680,000), Odessa (400,000), Lodz (310,000), Riga (280,000) and Kiev (250,000). Around 85 per cent of the Russian people lived in the countryside and earned their living from agriculture. The Romanov Dynasty had ruled Russia since 1613. Nicholas II had succeeded to the throne in 1894. His title, like other Tsars before him, was 'Emperor and Autocrat of all Russia'. The country was run by a ten man ministerial council. Each minister was both appointed and dismissed by the Tsar. Vladimir Illich Ulyanov (later known as Lenin) was born in Simbirsk, Russia, on 10th April, 1870. His father, Ilya Ulyanov, a local schools inspector, held conservative views and was a devout member of the Russian Orthodox Church. Lenin was deeply influenced by the revolutionary political views of his older brother, Alexander Ulyanov, who introduced him to the ideas of Karl Marx. Lenin was educated at the Simbirsk Gymnasium. His headmaster was F. I. Kerensky, the father of Alexander Kerensky. Although Lenin despised the conservative views of his teachers he still managed to do well in his examinations.
At the of seventeen Lenin read the utopian novel, What is to be Done? by Nikolai Chernyshevsky. Along with Alexander Ulyanov and Karl Marx, Chernyshevsky was the greatest influence on his early political development.
In 1887 Lenin's brother, Alexander Ulyanov, a member of the People's Will, was executed for his part in the plot to kill Tsar Alexander III. As the brother of a state criminal, attempts were made to stop Lenin from entering university. Eventually he was allowed to study law at Kazan University(http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSlenin.htm)
The Sykes-Picot Agreement divided parts of the Ottoman Empire between French and the British. The Bolshevik revolution of 1917 stopped the Russian advance in Persia, and its soldiers were gradually withdrawn from Iran’s territory. The withdrawal of Russian troops enabled the British government to dominate Iran completely.On the other hand, the collapse of the Russian army greatly increased British difficulties
Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919
Agreement between Persia and Britain that never was ratified. The agreement from Persian side was an attempt to get assistance for its extreme financial problems after World War 1. From the side of the British foreign minister, Lord Curzon, it was an attempt to turn Persia into a rather weak protectorate.
If the agreement had been implemented, it would have given the British enormous political, economic and military control over Persia. But as the details of the British proposal came to be known, reactions in Iran, as well as in foreign countries from the USA and Russia were too strong for a continuation of the process. The agreement was hence never ratified by the Persian parliament (http://lexicorient.com/e.o/angl_tr_persia.htm).
For More Information (This Is A Link With Mamad Abbasov, Khazar University)
In his report of June 8, 1920 to Earl Curzon, the British Ambassador to Iran Herman Cameron Norman was describing the general situation in Iran as following:
"There is no budget in Persia; for year Government has been living from hand to mouth, meeting constant deficit from British subsidy and loans from bank… A cumulative deficit is 250,000 tomans a month. Central Government cannot control its provincial agents effectively or coerce power of individuals who refuse to pay their taxes. At present moment three of richest provinces have passed from control of Central Government. Reform of finance and administrative, but especially the latter, is long overdue; continuance of present chaos would assuredly lead to anarchy, and no Government of whatever political complexion could possibly carry on without external help during interval which must elapse before reforms can yield practical results."( M. Abbasov).
Imagine, in this worst condition of Iran, in every sense, how people of Ardabil could survive! The majority of people of Ardabil were jobless; many were selling their properties; and some people were spending their saved money.
November 23, 1920
Baba Safari was about one month old, when the United States protests British control of oil rights and other economic concessions in the Middle East, assisting America's Open Door rights in the region. With no American restraining policy on the peace terms that Britain and France secured from Turkey in the Peace Treaty of Sevres, England and France established their mandated control over territory formerly part of the Ottoman Empire. Secretay of State, Lansing, had protested British policy in Persia in August 1919, and Secretary Colby also indicated dissatisfaction regarding British and French aquisitions in the region between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea.
November 27, 1920
Secretary of the United States, Colby forwarded notes to London, Rome, and Paris that insisted on U.S rights to equal ecnomic opportunity in the former Turkish Empire.
The United States protests related to the desire of Socony (Standard Oil Company of New York) to obtain oil exploration rights in the Middle east. The American protests in 1919 and 1920 bean an American oil corporation challanges to British control of Middle East oil betwen 1919 and 1939.
Both Colby and President Woodrow Wilson rejected the British attitude and prepared a memo for the British on November 2 to set forth American rights. Because the United States had played a significant role in the recent war, Colby said, it could not be denied a voice regarding to the mandates on the eqaul commercial opportunities available to league members (Book: Chronological History of U.S. Foreign Relations, Volume I, 1607-1932, Second Edition,by Lester E. Brune, page 432).
Father of Baba Safari, Mr. Abdolazim Was Challanging For Life of His Family:
Abdolzaim and his family had very very difficult situation.
In 1920, in the time of between the death and the life for people of Ardabil, it was the time of debates over ratification of Anglo-Persian Agreement were in Mejlis of Qajar's dynasty; the State Department (USA) instructed the American minister in Tehran John Caldwell to tell the Iranian foreign office that the American companies would seek a concession in the northern provinces of Iran and that the department hoped that American companies might obtain such concessions (M. Abbasov).
People of Ardabil and Iran had no foods for eating, no jobs for working, but the foreign countries wanted concessions on Iranian's oil!
As the Fifth Majlis in 1925 voted 115 in favour, 5 against, with 30 abstentions to legitimize the end of the Qajar dynasty and the dawn of the Pahlavi dynasty (the Pahlavi dynasty , Baba Safari was a 5-year-old boy.
The next year, in 1926, he was a 6-year-old boy and his mother took him to a religious and a traditional center, the Maktab for learning some lessons for the needed Alphabets for reading and understanding of the holy book of Islam, Qu'ran.
Baba Safari attented in three different Maktabs in Ardabil: 1) Maktab of Ms. Roubaba-Akhound-Badji 2) Maktab of Mirza Mahomuod Khorasani 3) Mktab of Hajji Mirza Khshnevis.
In 1930, for the first time, Baba Safari visited a modern school, Taddayon School, in Ardabil. Mr Taddayon, the Principal of this school was a young and an intellectual, who had a broad vision to the matter of education and pedagogy.
According to his views, the vivacity, joy, and freedom of pupils in Taddayon school were the tools for reviltalization of all they touch. Instead of naming his school, Oushkoulla, which sound Western (school in English and Oushkoliye in Russian), Mr. Taddoyon named his school in persian language, Daabestan.
Baba Safari, from the beginning of his learning showed his intelligence to his teachers; instead of the level-I (class-I), he was allowed to visit the level-II (class-II); Baba Safari in his exams achieved one of the outstanding results of his class; he ranked to Nr. 3 after his final exams.
The authorities of Taddayon school honored him and others, who had the best achievements with the special Prix(Prize); Baba was honored by a pen, which had a picture of Reza shah on it.
In all his classes, Baba Safari was one of the best pupils in Taddayon school.
In the final exams of the elementary school (VI-Class), he achieved the best marks and results; the authorities honored him with the 2-volumes from a persian encyclopedia; his parents, because of their financial difficulties, sold these persian encyclopedias, which had very good price in a book store (with some reduction in their values) in Ardabil; and with this money from these encyclopedias, they bought the new clothes, the new shoes and other things for their son, who was about to going to a high school.
Baba Safari visited the first years of his high school in Taddayon school, but for the higher classes, he needed to go to the capital pf province Azarbaijan, Tabriz, where he visted the Danesh-Sar-Ye-Moghdamati college.
In 1930, he finished his high school with the outstanding results; he ranked to the first student, who had the highest marks; he was honoured with the special prize.
After receiving his diploma, he was appointed as a teacher; he worked in the Pourandokht school; 2 years later he was appointed as a Principal of the Saadi elementary school.
In 1943, after 4 years teaching, he began to question whetehr it was what he really wanted to be doing. He wasn't happy teaching. He was just thinking, he can try for more qualifications and a better life in Tehran. That's why he left Ardabil for Tehran.
He began to work in the Soraya school in Khayam Str. in downtown of Tehran.
In November, 1943, the leaders of allied (Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin) met each other in Theran (Tehran Conference).
In 1944, Baba Safari earned his second diploma in the Litrature and Humanities.
1945, he attended in the entrance exams for the Law school in the University of Tehran; successfully he passed the exams and began his law education.
1946 and Iranian Azerbaijan :
The separation of south and north was made permanent with the treaty of Turkmanchay, signed between Russia and Persia in 1828. The Azeris north of the river Araz were left inside the Russian empire, and apart from brief periods of anarchay stayed with Russian until the breakup of the Soviet Union, when north-Azerbaijan became independent as the Republic of Azerbaijan. The two halves of the Azerbaijan were last briefly together during World War II, when Josef Stalin with the support of the western allies occupied the north of Iran and tried to create a "Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan", using a mix of nationalist and communist ideals. However, after the end of the war international pressure on the Soviet Union to leave mounted and the Red Army retreated to the norhern bank of the Araz.The Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan led by Jafar Pishevari was left at the mercy of the Iranian army and soon collapsed. Many in the south Azeri intelligentsia escaped to the north, fuelling a movement for reunification which didn't displease the Soviet authorities.
Courtesy, Fall Brook Union High School District's Web
Courtesy, Fall Brook Union High School District's Web
President Harry Truman demanded the Soviet Union to withdraw its troops from Iran's territory
In 1946, Mr. Baba Safari passed the entrance exams for his second education in the Faculty of Philosophy, Pedagogy and Public Administration in the Danesh-Sara-ye-Allee's College in Tehran; the Ministry of Culture in Iran authorized his education in this college by accepting his education with others (according to a new legislation) as the continung studies; all these students received their full salaries while they were studying in this college.
Extra Information:
The United States and Great Britain forced the Soviet Union to withdraw its troops from Azerbaijan.
The Iranian Prime Minister Qavam al-Saltana January ( 1946-December 1947)was a dealer with Russian in Moscow.The Soviet Union, wishing to press its own claims, despatched an oil mission led by an Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs, Sergei Kavtaradze, to Tehran in September.In his talks with Sa'id, Kavtaradze demanded an oil concession in Iran's five northern provinces. Sa'id promised to refer the matter to the Cabinet and the Majlis, but Kavtaradze, seeking a more definite commitment from Iran, saw the Shah at the beginning of October and sought permission to explore for oil in northern Iran.He warned that the future of Irano-Soviet relations depended on a favourable reply. It was not a tactic which, in the opinion of Sir Clarmont Skrine, British Consul in Mashad, was likely to further the Soviet cause. As Skrine commented: 'In Persia it is not good manners to say no to a friend; you make vague promises and verbose excuses and do nothing until he gets tired and goes away. Now, however, the Soviet envoy tactlessly insisted on an answer, yes or no, and opposition at once began to build up in the Majlis. The Iranian Government gave its reply on 8 October when it announced that it would not grant any new oil concessions to foreigners until after the war was over.
Concession or ???
Map of Iran & Azerbaijan
Map of Caucasus
Azerbaijan & Foreign Powers
Azerbaijan & Foreign Powers
Caucasus and Iran
History of Azerbaijan
History After Islam
Khiyabani
Khiyabani
Social History of the city of Ardabil became a leading publication in socio-historical research of the legendary historian Baba Safari. In his books, which were related to the history of Ardabil, in the 2nd volume, in the Gozargha-He-Tarikh, Baba Safari, with his professional analysis contributed to social history of his city,Ardabil. For him social history was an area of historical study considered by some to be a social science that attempts to view historical evidence from the point of view of developing social trends. It is interesting to know that millions of students, in the time of shah, had learned their teaching books about history, geography and sociology from the authors like Baba Safari and his 2 other co-writers.
Baba Safari considered the soical history as 'Grass- roots history' because it dealed with the every-day people in Ardabil , the masses and how they shaped History rather than their leaders.
The Safavid dynasty rescued the whole region.
And the kings od Safavid dynasty were from the city of Ardabil.
People of Ardabil are of quick adaptive intelligence and different profesional skilled spirits, they are especially well suited to trade, hard works, spiritual tendency, and have long constituted an importnat element in the economic, military, agricultural and capability strength of Iranian government. People of Ardabil have clung to their faith and their culture and language in the midst of a hostile people and in the face of the bitterest manipulation of facts in the historical books.
Whenever they advanced and achieved any progress, there were fresh attempts for destrcution of their hopes and taking them back to regression.
The sufferings and economical backwards of Ardabil's people were indiscribable, and the city was occupied and destroyed by the foreign troops.
Stripping of everything in the city while the foreign troops and enemies arrived in Ardabil and occupied it.
One of the greatest man from Ardabil was Ostad Baba Safari:-
Education: M.Sc in the public administration (c/o the South California University & Tehran University, USA); B.Sc in the ublic administration; B. Sc in the law, from the Law School in the University of Tehran; B.Sc in the philosophy and pedagogy from the Daneshsar-ye-Allee College in Tehran.
Scholarship: Public Administration in Italy.
-Candidacy for parliament of Iran from Ardabil (1980): more than 28,000 votes; there were some violations and attempts for preventing for his success.
-Knowledge of other languages:Arabic,English,Turkish, Persian, Italian & Swedish
-Marriage: married with Ms. Vahebzadeh in 1949; she was the daughter of one of the most prominent and respected personality in Ardabil; Mr. Agha-Boeyuek Vahebzadeh was one of the most famous activists for the pro-democarcy movement and freedom.
-Total time as a teacher: it was 2 phases: 4 years teaching in Ardabil; in the schools of Pourandokht and Saadi; many years in Teharn: in Hadaf High school; Soraya school in Khayam Str. in the downtown; and also in the Abu-Reyhan High school.
-Total time as mayor of the city of Ardabil: 9 months (autumn, 1952- August 19, 1953).
-Total time as deputy director in the Ardabil's branch of the Ministry of Culture: 1 year and 6 months (1949-1950).
-Total time as assistant to the deputy prime minister in the Iran's Oghaf Organization (The Endowment&The Pilgrimage): 17 years (1960-1978).
Baba Safari was born on October 2, 1920 in a Mulsim family in the ancient city of Ardabil; his father Abdolazim was a hard working merchant, who had lost his properties and business after the emergence of the October Revolution in Russia while he was trading in many cities of that country such as Nizhni-Novogrorod, Hajji-Tarkhan and Baku. Before the October Revolution in 1917, the Azeri Muslim entrepreneurs maintained control over the real estate market, silk spinning, and some other fields despite the growing competition of the Armenians and Russians, who received preferential government treatment(Book: The Politicizing of Islam by Kemal H. Karpat, Oxford Uni.Press, 2001, pp. 288-289).
Abdolazim as a merchant suffered too much from those discriminations by Russians while he was working in Russia. Baku, where he worked and traded was a city, which grew from a small town of 15000 people in the mid-1850s to an industrial-finacial metropolis of more than 200,000 at the end of the century. The leaders of the October Revolution in 1917, proclaimed for defending of justice and establsing of a healthy society for all people, but the supporters of Tsar and also the Allied (Great Britain, France and the United States) occupied many main cities and provinces together with the assistance of White troops, who were against the Bolshelviks. Anyway, Abodolazim lost all his properties and wealth and managed to flee with his very old clothes to his city to Ardabil in Iranian Azerbaijan.
Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, Sergey Mironovich Kirov fought in the Russian Civil War until 1920. He and his friends in coordination with Josef Stalin, militarily and very brutally, in contrast to thier proclaimed principles in the October Revolution and respecting the soverignty of the independent countries, their over 70,000 soldiers attacked to the newly independent country of Azerbaijan;these criminals under the name of Revolution and Socialism, after causing many massacres in Azerbaijan, they burned many historical and cultural centres of Azerbaijan. In 1921, Mr. Kirov, because of his criminalities agaist humanity and killing of thousands of Azerbaijanis, became head of the Azerbaijan party organisation; the communists,later, changed the name of the anicent city of Azerbaijan, Ghanje to Kirovabad!!! Mr.Kirov's brutality and uncivilized behavour was known and as a matter of fact, loyally, he supported Joseph Stalin, and in 1926 he was rewarded with the leadership of the Leningrad party.His father was Miron Kostrikov; and Sergey Kostrikov had changed his name to Kirov.
Baba Safari gave very strong emphasis on the correlation between the levels of Hygiene on the streets and the public health, therefore he worked for the fundamental changes in the city administration; his main challenge was to deliver a kind of results in his job a a mayor that his achievements work for all, not just for a privileged few. He said, Ardabil must respond to progress by preparing every man, woman, and child in this city to compete successfully in this new challenge.
His thinking and his works were for a better life in this city; he emphasized, we need commit ourselves as the humans in this part of world to excellence in education for administration; without any education, we will not be successful in our works in this city; we need also to invest the resources needed to reach our short-term or long-term goals. Each past generation of Ardabilis, from old time until now, have broadened different kinds of educational opportunities for our youth; in different times, different methods have been used.
As the mayor of Ardabil, many times criticized the inequality of wealth in Ardabil; he said in different times, one of the most jarring consequences of inequality in our city is that we are not capable of providing first-rate medical care to those people, who are working for us, but they are deprived from medical care; we are failing to make these opportunities available to many thousands of our people, who need our healps. In relation to the situation on the streets, he said, with our good plans and our good co-ordinations, all these streets in the city can be cleaned cleaned; he ordered, all complaints from people must be investigated and answered by the authorities of the city within the 24 hours.
The budget of the city had too much debts on that time, after hard works of Baba Safari reached to its surpluses. Many people are saying that, Baba Safari, himself, sometimes, was sweeping our streets; it is necessary to encourage people for working together for a clean city. He was an accountable mayor; and he was an honest man. Many people are saying, without any doubt,he was one of the most popular mayor of our history in the city of Ardabil.
Baba Safari shared a profound commitment to basic rights for all, no matter the poor people, or the middle-class people; for him rights to life and liberty, to opportunity, to a decent education, to a job are not for a specfic classes, these rights are for all people according to his religion.
It was in the time of Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh,as he was the popular mayor of this city, and always he promoted the fairness and honesty. As an expert in the law and Islam, he believed in a free press eager to speak truth to power. He said, I am believeing that the politicians, who are not accountable and honest and are living in their big houses cannot tell us whom we can advantage for jobs and wealth or where we can make schools, hospitals. A a mayor of Ardabil, he wanted people to unite themselves for a better co-operation for the better works and for a better life for all; he said, we must join together in rejecting those who coarsen our values and want divide us for their own political purposes. He said: Remember people, ‘Disobedience to any vicious policies, to any tyranny, to any bad polictians, is obedience to God. The real Muslim must be good educated and must be awared to what's going in his or her environment.
His Achievements As the Assistant to Deputy Prime Ministers in the Iranian Oghaf's Affairs. In his more than 17 years works in the Iranian Endowment and the Pilgrimage Organization (Oghaf)(1960-1978), he achieved to many his goals in reforming of this institution, which was the second richest institute after the Iranian Oil Company.
A traditional source of financial support for all religious institutions has been the vaqf, a religious endowment by which land and other income-producing property is given in perpetuity for the maintenance of a shrine, mosque, madraseh, or charitable institution such as a hospital, library, or orphanage.
The Oghaf Orhanization of Iran was an institute within the Prime Minister's Office and its head was the deputy prime minister.
Baba Safari was as a senior assistant to the head of Oghaf in Iran ( as Assistant Deputy Prime Minister); he had very good knowledge of Arabic, English; he was an expert in the Islamic Laws. Under the Pahlavis, the government attempted to exercise control over the administration of vaqfs, especially those of the larger shrines. This was a source of conflict with the clergy, who perceived the government's efforts as lessening their influence and authority in traditional religious matters.
Mr. Baba Safari, who himself was a moderate religious expert and well respected by many of the religious leaders in many Islamic countries, managed the issues of this conflicts in accordance with the spirit of law and respect to Islam. He prevented the intensive interferences, but strongly, he emphasized on the rule of law in any issues with the administration of vaqfs. He tried to prevent a sharp declining in the number of vaqf bequests, but despite of his efforts, wealthy and pious Shias chose to give financial contributions directly to the leading ayatollahs in the form of zakat, or obligatory alms. The clergy in turn used the funds to administer their madrasehs and to institute various educational and charitable programs, which indirectly provided them with more influence in society.
Baba Safari tried and tried to prevent any confrontation between the government and these clerics, who wanted to govern on the strategic issues of Oghaf. Some people are saying that the access of the clergy to a steady and independent source of funding was an important factor in their ability to resist state controls and ultimately helped them direct the opposition to the shah.
Mr. Baba Safari saw the issue of revolution more complicated than these simplistic views. One of the major religious institution in Iran is the shrine. There are more than 1,100 shrines that vary from crumbling sites associated with local saints to the imposing shrines of Imam Reza and his sister Fatima in Mashhad and Qom, respectively. These more famous shrines are huge complexes that include the mausoleums of the venerated Eighth Imam and his sister, tombs of former shahs, mosques, madrasehs, and libraries. Imam Reza's shrine is the largest and is considered to be the holiest. Mr. Baba Safari managed to work on all these difficult issues of these religious institutions and organizations like mosques, hoseyniehs and madarsehs.The shrine's endowments and gifts are the largest of all religious institutions in the country. Traditionally, free meals for as many as 1,000 people per day are provided at the shrine.
The Iranian Oghaf Organization is the second largest Institution after the Iranian oil Company; many religious and politicians want to contol the management of this organization because of its huge wealth.
Baba Safari preveneted any illegitime interventions from the evil forces, who wanted to do all their own profitable businesses under the umbrella of the religion or the government. This organization also provided different amount of wages, in every month, to those Sunnis & Shiite religious leaders in Iran, who co-operated with the government in the time of Mr.Manouchehr Azmoun and Mr. Ahmadi, who were the deputy prime ministers and the heads of this organizations.
His Precious Books:
1)Historical Books: 4 volumes: Ardabil-dar-Gozarghahe-Tarikh
2) The Comparative Calendar
3)A book in response to the books from Mr. Dashti (an athestic and blasphemic book; the 23 years) and also in response to Mr. Salaman Rushdi( the author of the book against Islam and Muslims; the Satanic Verse).
4)One Hundred One Books in One Book and One Hundred Two Books in 2 books
5) A book related to the geography of the Islamic countries.
6) More than 16 books about history, geography and sciology for the teaching to students in the schools throughout Iran; they were taught as the teaching books until 1978, the emergence of the Islamic Repbilic 7) A book for understanding of the real meaning of the verses of the holy book of Islam, Qu'ran.
7) There are millions of people, who learned his books related to history, geography and the science of society in their schools in the era of Mohammad Reza; all these people are remembering der co-author of these books, Baba Safari. He taught us to be proud of ourrselves and our achievements.
*Children: 3 sons; they have the high education (the two of his sons are living with their mother in Stockholm, Sweden ; one of his son is living and working in Tehran, Iran) and the only daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Safari, who is very kind and very talented girl, has her high education from Sweden; she is working in many countries of Europe.
* The great master of history of Ardabil, Baba Safari, passed away on July 14, 2003 at Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, after the short period of illness (kidney and heart).
Most Iranians are hunger for meaning and purpose in life. Many people in the Azarbaijan, including people of Ardabil, who have been deprived from a better life for a long time, are deeply concerned about the politics of deception and lies. The Politics of Meaning through respecting of the people's rights was the right politics; Baba Safari chosen this politics. He was an Iranian-Azarbaijani historian, who was really a right man for hopes. He really understood what people are desiring or waht they are valuing most. He realized, these so-called the valuing people, who want prospertity in this country, have really suffered years and years from the wrong policies by the wrong politicians. The legendary historian Baba Safari, whose books (about 16 teaching books): history, geography and sociology had been taught as the official teaching books in the schools in the time of shah, always had emphasized on good and productive works. It is what we as humans with the helps of the Almighty do after we make our decisions to implement and execute them that makes them very good decisions for all people of this country, but not only one of them.
He Was Like A Pearl With Its Warm Inner Glow.
Mr. Safari was a great teacher. He was like a pearl with its warm inner glow . The issue of education had the great priorities for his works. Baba Safari believed that our teachers need also to be students. He said that this keeps them connected, empathetic. It keeps them aware. He without thinking is labor lost; thinking without learning is dangerous. the whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking. We need to learn what we are thinking and how we are thinking.
Thinking is the essence of man's very being, and the tool by which the transient sorrows, the primitive forms of feeling, and the others, merely personal parts of existence can be mastered.
There are many thinkers in the world, who have had the outstanding accomplishments. One of those thinkers is Mr. Baba Safari, who is named the father of history of Ardabil. He was a man of knowledge; it means, he was a man, who was able not only to love his enemies but also to teach his friends, who were blind to relaities. He didn't claim that God is in his side, but he insisted that he wants to be on the side of God. For him happiness was not an illusion, but also it was what we are thinking, what we are saying, and what we are doing.
History traces pearls like Baba Safari;all scriptures refer to pearls as symbols of wealth; Baba Was Our Wealth.
Baba Safari was born on October 2, 1920 in a Mulsim family in the ancient city of Ardabil; his father Abdolazim was a hard working merchant, who had lost his properties and business after the emergence of the October Revolution in Russia while he was trading in many cities of that country such as Nizhni-Novogrorod, Hajji-Tarkhan and Baku. Before the October Revolution in 1917, the Azeri Muslim entrepreneurs maintained control over the real estate market, silk spinning, and some other fields despite the growing competition of the Armenians and Russians, who received preferential government treatment(Book: The Politicizing of Islam by Kemal H. Karpat, Oxford Uni.Press, 2001, pp. 288-289).
Abdolazim as a merchant suffered too much from those discriminations by Russians while he was working in Russia. Baku, where he worked and traded was a city, which grew from a small town of 15000 people in the mid-1850s to an industrial-finacial metropolis of more than 200,000 at the end of the century. The leaders of the October Revolution in 1917, proclaimed for defending of justice and establsing of a healthy society for all people, but the supporters of Tsar and also the Allied (Great Britain, France and the United States) occupied many main cities and provinces together with the assistance of White troops, who were against the Bolshelviks. Anyway, Abodolazim lost all his properties and wealth and managed to flee with his very old clothes to his city to Ardabil in Iranian Azerbaijan.
Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, Sergey Mironovich Kirov fought in the Russian Civil War until 1920. He and his friends in coordination with Josef Stalin, militarily and very brutally, in contrast to thier proclaimed principles in the October Revolution and respecting the soverignty of the independent countries, their over 70,000 soldiers attacked to the newly independent country of Azerbaijan;these criminals under the name of Revolution and Socialism, after causing many massacres in Azerbaijan, they burned many historical and cultural centres of Azerbaijan. In 1921, Mr. Kirov, because of his criminalities agaist humanity and killing of thousands of Azerbaijanis, became head of the Azerbaijan party organisation; the communists,later, changed the name of the anicent city of Azerbaijan, Ghanje to Kirovabad!!! Mr.Kirov's brutality and uncivilized behavour was known and as a matter of fact, loyally, he supported Joseph Stalin, and in 1926 he was rewarded with the leadership of the Leningrad party.His father was Miron Kostrikov; and Sergey Kostrikov had changed his name to Kirov.
This is a photo from Kirov:
Sergio Ordzhnikidze was the major figure and also a responsible person--more than other aggressors---, who encouraged Josepf Stalin for an invasion and killing of thousands Azerbaijanis before invasion to other countries in Caucasus.
Abdolazim fled to Ardabil, where he began a new life with his family. This change in his life had a considerable psychological impact on his mind. Abdolazim knew that the future depends on what he is doing in the present, but not he did in Russia before; that's why he worked hard in Ardabil for a better life.He knew that humans are allergic to change and he was going to change his worst condition on that difficult time, when the most of people of Ardabil were jobless and were selling their furnitures or were spending their saving's money. He learned that he is the only one in this world, who can change his life. No one can do it for him because he had suffered after the October Revolution in Russia in 1917.
To Create Pearls Like Baba Safari Infact It Takes Over 100 Years;Making Pearls like Him, The Most Coveted Piece Of Jewelry That Only The Royalty Of Honest People Could Afford.
His new life in Ardabil was depending on what his thoughts were make it. Abdolazim tried to learn something about everything and everything about something. Abdolazim had experienced a lot of the good and the bad things throughout his long traveling and trading in Russia; he learned that If he desire to form his family capable of inventive thought and of helping the society of tomorrow to achieve progress, then it is clear for him that an education is the best thing. Abdolazim like other people believed that a Genius without education is like
silver in the mine.
1920:
As Baba Safari was born in Ardabil on October 2, 1920, it was the time after the Russian revolution and also its civil war. Little was known about the sanitary precautions needed when infants were given foods from any source other than the breast. Schooling for the girls had absolutely no priority for the majority of people, who were very religious, although some families in the upper and in the middle classes in Ardabil, began to see some kinds of education for their boys and girls, if all religious rules are respected, but as it was said before, many people in Ardabil thought their daughters must learn how to be a good housewife, like their mothers and their grandmothers; what does it mean to send them to those schools, where they don't know what kind of people are there. But in some mosques, there were some places, especial for women, for teaching of the Qu'ran and Arabic and also the lessons about Islam. In the northern border of Ardabil, the Republic Azarbaijan, after a short period of independency (1918-1920), again, was occupied by the Soviet soldiers.
Extra Information Related to Russia:
In 1900 the Russia Empire covered nearly 23 million square kilometres.Only a quarter of it was in Europe and the rest in Asia. The majority of the 128 million population were Slavs, but there were over 200 different nationalities. St. Petersburg was the largest city in the Russian Empire with a population of 1,260,000. Other large cities included Moscow (1,040,000), Warsaw (680,000), Odessa (400,000), Lodz (310,000), Riga (280,000) and Kiev (250,000). Around 85 per cent of the Russian people lived in the countryside and earned their living from agriculture. The Romanov Dynasty had ruled Russia since 1613. Nicholas II had succeeded to the throne in 1894. His title, like other Tsars before him, was 'Emperor and Autocrat of all Russia'. The country was run by a ten man ministerial council. Each minister was both appointed and dismissed by the Tsar. Vladimir Illich Ulyanov (later known as Lenin) was born in Simbirsk, Russia, on 10th April, 1870. His father, Ilya Ulyanov, a local schools inspector, held conservative views and was a devout member of the Russian Orthodox Church. Lenin was deeply influenced by the revolutionary political views of his older brother, Alexander Ulyanov, who introduced him to the ideas of Karl Marx. Lenin was educated at the Simbirsk Gymnasium. His headmaster was F. I. Kerensky, the father of Alexander Kerensky. Although Lenin despised the conservative views of his teachers he still managed to do well in his examinations.
At the of seventeen Lenin read the utopian novel, What is to be Done? by Nikolai Chernyshevsky. Along with Alexander Ulyanov and Karl Marx, Chernyshevsky was the greatest influence on his early political development.
In 1887 Lenin's brother, Alexander Ulyanov, a member of the People's Will, was executed for his part in the plot to kill Tsar Alexander III. As the brother of a state criminal, attempts were made to stop Lenin from entering university. Eventually he was allowed to study law at Kazan University(http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSlenin.htm)
The Sykes-Picot Agreement divided parts of the Ottoman Empire between French and the British. The Bolshevik revolution of 1917 stopped the Russian advance in Persia, and its soldiers were gradually withdrawn from Iran’s territory. The withdrawal of Russian troops enabled the British government to dominate Iran completely.On the other hand, the collapse of the Russian army greatly increased British difficulties
Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919
Agreement between Persia and Britain that never was ratified. The agreement from Persian side was an attempt to get assistance for its extreme financial problems after World War 1. From the side of the British foreign minister, Lord Curzon, it was an attempt to turn Persia into a rather weak protectorate.
If the agreement had been implemented, it would have given the British enormous political, economic and military control over Persia. But as the details of the British proposal came to be known, reactions in Iran, as well as in foreign countries from the USA and Russia were too strong for a continuation of the process. The agreement was hence never ratified by the Persian parliament (http://lexicorient.com/e.o/angl_tr_persia.htm).
For More Information (This Is A Link With Mamad Abbasov, Khazar University)
In his report of June 8, 1920 to Earl Curzon, the British Ambassador to Iran Herman Cameron Norman was describing the general situation in Iran as following:
"There is no budget in Persia; for year Government has been living from hand to mouth, meeting constant deficit from British subsidy and loans from bank… A cumulative deficit is 250,000 tomans a month. Central Government cannot control its provincial agents effectively or coerce power of individuals who refuse to pay their taxes. At present moment three of richest provinces have passed from control of Central Government. Reform of finance and administrative, but especially the latter, is long overdue; continuance of present chaos would assuredly lead to anarchy, and no Government of whatever political complexion could possibly carry on without external help during interval which must elapse before reforms can yield practical results."( M. Abbasov).
Imagine, in this worst condition of Iran, in every sense, how people of Ardabil could survive! The majority of people of Ardabil were jobless; many were selling their properties; and some people were spending their saved money.
November 23, 1920
Baba Safari was about one month old, when the United States protests British control of oil rights and other economic concessions in the Middle East, assisting America's Open Door rights in the region. With no American restraining policy on the peace terms that Britain and France secured from Turkey in the Peace Treaty of Sevres, England and France established their mandated control over territory formerly part of the Ottoman Empire. Secretay of State, Lansing, had protested British policy in Persia in August 1919, and Secretary Colby also indicated dissatisfaction regarding British and French aquisitions in the region between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea.
November 27, 1920
Secretary of the United States, Colby forwarded notes to London, Rome, and Paris that insisted on U.S rights to equal ecnomic opportunity in the former Turkish Empire.
The United States protests related to the desire of Socony (Standard Oil Company of New York) to obtain oil exploration rights in the Middle east. The American protests in 1919 and 1920 bean an American oil corporation challanges to British control of Middle East oil betwen 1919 and 1939.
Both Colby and President Woodrow Wilson rejected the British attitude and prepared a memo for the British on November 2 to set forth American rights. Because the United States had played a significant role in the recent war, Colby said, it could not be denied a voice regarding to the mandates on the eqaul commercial opportunities available to league members (Book: Chronological History of U.S. Foreign Relations, Volume I, 1607-1932, Second Edition,by Lester E. Brune, page 432).
Father of Baba Safari, Mr. Abdolazim Was Challanging For Life of His Family:
Abdolzaim and his family had very very difficult situation.
In 1920, in the time of between the death and the life for people of Ardabil, it was the time of debates over ratification of Anglo-Persian Agreement were in Mejlis of Qajar's dynasty; the State Department (USA) instructed the American minister in Tehran John Caldwell to tell the Iranian foreign office that the American companies would seek a concession in the northern provinces of Iran and that the department hoped that American companies might obtain such concessions (M. Abbasov).
People of Ardabil and Iran had no foods for eating, no jobs for working, but the foreign countries wanted concessions on Iranian's oil!
As the Fifth Majlis in 1925 voted 115 in favour, 5 against, with 30 abstentions to legitimize the end of the Qajar dynasty and the dawn of the Pahlavi dynasty (the Pahlavi dynasty , Baba Safari was a 5-year-old boy.
The next year, in 1926, he was a 6-year-old boy and his mother took him to a religious and a traditional center, the Maktab for learning some lessons for the needed Alphabets for reading and understanding of the holy book of Islam, Qu'ran.
Baba Safari attented in three different Maktabs in Ardabil: 1) Maktab of Ms. Roubaba-Akhound-Badji 2) Maktab of Mirza Mahomuod Khorasani 3) Mktab of Hajji Mirza Khshnevis.
In 1930, for the first time, Baba Safari visited a modern school, Taddayon School, in Ardabil. Mr Taddayon, the Principal of this school was a young and an intellectual, who had a broad vision to the matter of education and pedagogy.
According to his views, the vivacity, joy, and freedom of pupils in Taddayon school were the tools for reviltalization of all they touch. Instead of naming his school, Oushkoulla, which sound Western (school in English and Oushkoliye in Russian), Mr. Taddoyon named his school in persian language, Daabestan.
Baba Safari, from the beginning of his learning showed his intelligence to his teachers; instead of the level-I (class-I), he was allowed to visit the level-II (class-II); Baba Safari in his exams achieved one of the outstanding results of his class; he ranked to Nr. 3 after his final exams.
The authorities of Taddayon school honored him and others, who had the best achievements with the special Prix(Prize); Baba was honored by a pen, which had a picture of Reza shah on it.
In all his classes, Baba Safari was one of the best pupils in Taddayon school.
In the final exams of the elementary school (VI-Class), he achieved the best marks and results; the authorities honored him with the 2-volumes from a persian encyclopedia; his parents, because of their financial difficulties, sold these persian encyclopedias, which had very good price in a book store (with some reduction in their values) in Ardabil; and with this money from these encyclopedias, they bought the new clothes, the new shoes and other things for their son, who was about to going to a high school.
Baba Safari visited the first years of his high school in Taddayon school, but for the higher classes, he needed to go to the capital pf province Azarbaijan, Tabriz, where he visted the Danesh-Sar-Ye-Moghdamati college.
In 1930, he finished his high school with the outstanding results; he ranked to the first student, who had the highest marks; he was honoured with the special prize.
After receiving his diploma, he was appointed as a teacher; he worked in the Pourandokht school; 2 years later he was appointed as a Principal of the Saadi elementary school.
In 1943, after 4 years teaching, he began to question whetehr it was what he really wanted to be doing. He wasn't happy teaching. He was just thinking, he can try for more qualifications and a better life in Tehran. That's why he left Ardabil for Tehran.
He began to work in the Soraya school in Khayam Str. in downtown of Tehran.
In November, 1943, the leaders of allied (Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin) met each other in Theran (Tehran Conference).
In 1944, Baba Safari earned his second diploma in the Litrature and Humanities.
1945, he attended in the entrance exams for the Law school in the University of Tehran; successfully he passed the exams and began his law education.
1946 and Iranian Azerbaijan :
The separation of south and north was made permanent with the treaty of Turkmanchay, signed between Russia and Persia in 1828. The Azeris north of the river Araz were left inside the Russian empire, and apart from brief periods of anarchay stayed with Russian until the breakup of the Soviet Union, when north-Azerbaijan became independent as the Republic of Azerbaijan. The two halves of the Azerbaijan were last briefly together during World War II, when Josef Stalin with the support of the western allies occupied the north of Iran and tried to create a "Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan", using a mix of nationalist and communist ideals. However, after the end of the war international pressure on the Soviet Union to leave mounted and the Red Army retreated to the norhern bank of the Araz.The Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan led by Jafar Pishevari was left at the mercy of the Iranian army and soon collapsed. Many in the south Azeri intelligentsia escaped to the north, fuelling a movement for reunification which didn't displease the Soviet authorities.
Courtesy, Fall Brook Union High School District's Web Courtesy, Fall Brook Union High School District's WebPresident Harry Truman demanded the Soviet Union to withdraw its troops from Iran's territory
In 1946, Mr. Baba Safari passed the entrance exams for his second education in the Faculty of Philosophy, Pedagogy and Public Administration in the Danesh-Sara-ye-Allee's College in Tehran; the Ministry of Culture in Iran authorized his education in this college by accepting his education with others (according to a new legislation) as the continung studies; all these students received their full salaries while they were studying in this college.
Extra Information:
The United States and Great Britain forced the Soviet Union to withdraw its troops from Azerbaijan.
The Iranian Prime Minister Qavam al-Saltana January ( 1946-December 1947)was a dealer with Russian in Moscow.The Soviet Union, wishing to press its own claims, despatched an oil mission led by an Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs, Sergei Kavtaradze, to Tehran in September.In his talks with Sa'id, Kavtaradze demanded an oil concession in Iran's five northern provinces. Sa'id promised to refer the matter to the Cabinet and the Majlis, but Kavtaradze, seeking a more definite commitment from Iran, saw the Shah at the beginning of October and sought permission to explore for oil in northern Iran.He warned that the future of Irano-Soviet relations depended on a favourable reply. It was not a tactic which, in the opinion of Sir Clarmont Skrine, British Consul in Mashad, was likely to further the Soviet cause. As Skrine commented: 'In Persia it is not good manners to say no to a friend; you make vague promises and verbose excuses and do nothing until he gets tired and goes away. Now, however, the Soviet envoy tactlessly insisted on an answer, yes or no, and opposition at once began to build up in the Majlis. The Iranian Government gave its reply on 8 October when it announced that it would not grant any new oil concessions to foreigners until after the war was over.
Concession or ???
Map of Iran & Azerbaijan
Map of Caucasus
Azerbaijan & Foreign Powers
Azerbaijan & Foreign Powers
Caucasus and Iran
History of Azerbaijan
History After Islam
Khiyabani
Khiyabani
Social History of the city of Ardabil became a leading publication in socio-historical research of the legendary historian Baba Safari. In his books, which were related to the history of Ardabil, in the 2nd volume, in the Gozargha-He-Tarikh, Baba Safari, with his professional analysis contributed to social history of his city,Ardabil. For him social history was an area of historical study considered by some to be a social science that attempts to view historical evidence from the point of view of developing social trends. It is interesting to know that millions of students, in the time of shah, had learned their teaching books about history, geography and sociology from the authors like Baba Safari and his 2 other co-writers.
Baba Safari considered the soical history as 'Grass- roots history' because it dealed with the every-day people in Ardabil , the masses and how they shaped History rather than their leaders.
posted by Andy | 9:30 AM
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